PaperFoldit
Algorithm Discovery by Protein Folding Game Players
Firas Khatib, et al., PNAS, Vol. 108, No. 47, 2011, pp. 18949–18953
Description
The PNAS study revealing that Foldit players independently developed folding algorithms — "Quake" and "Blue Fuse" — strikingly similar to an unpublished algorithm created by scientists over the same period. The evidence that citizen scientists can innovate methodology, not just apply it.
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The Academy · May 27, 2026
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